Which aspect of alcohol metabolism occurs with the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase?

The enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase plays a critical role in the metabolism of alcohol, specifically in the conversion of acetaldehyde to acetic acid. This process is essential because acetaldehyde is a toxic intermediate that results from the metabolism of ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase. When aldehyde dehydrogenase acts on acetaldehyde, it facilitates the oxidation of this substance to acetic acid, which is a non-toxic compound and can be further metabolized for energy or used in various biosynthetic pathways in the body.

This conversion is crucial for reducing the harmful effects associated with alcohol consumption, as high levels of acetaldehyde can lead to symptoms such as flushing, nausea, and increased heart rate—commonly seen in individuals with a deficiency of aldehyde dehydrogenase, which contributes to alcohol intolerance. Understanding this metabolic pathway underscores the importance of aldehyde dehydrogenase in the detoxification process of alcohol and its metabolites.