What sleep pattern changes are typical in Major Depressive Disorder?

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with specific alterations in sleep patterns that can vary among individuals. One of the hallmark changes observed in MDD is hypersomnia, where individuals may experience prolonged sleep duration or increased sleep need. This is particularly common in certain presentations of depression, leading to a condition that is often described as "depressive hypersomnia."

In addition to hypersomnia, changes in REM (rapid eye movement) sleep are also characteristic of MDD. Research indicates that individuals with depression may exhibit increased REM sleep density and a shorter latency to the first REM sleep period. This means that while the total sleep time may be prolonged, the quality of sleep is affected, leading to earlier onset of REM sleep stages and more fragmented sleep.

These features highlight the impact of depression on the sleep architecture, which is significantly disrupted when compared to normal sleep patterns. Thus, the assertion that hypersomnia and decreased REM sleep is typical is incorrect; instead, the combination of hypersomnia along with increased total REM duration and density are more representative of how sleep is altered in those with Major Depressive Disorder.