What neurotransmitter changes are associated with Panic Disorder?

Panic Disorder is characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks and a persistent concern about having more attacks. Research indicates that the pathophysiology of Panic Disorder involves dysregulation of neurotransmitters, particularly norepinephrine.

In individuals with Panic Disorder, heightened levels of norepinephrine are associated with increased arousal and anxiety symptoms. Norepinephrine is critical in the body's "fight or flight" response, and during panic attacks, the prodromal increase in norepinephrine can lead to symptoms such as heart palpitations, sweating, and tremors. This surge in norepinephrine contributes to the physiological symptoms that individuals experience during panic attacks.

This understanding aligns with treatment approaches targeting norepinephrine pathways, including the use of medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and certain types of benzodiazepines that can help normalize neurotransmitter activity.

Therefore, the connection between increased norepinephrine and Panic Disorder explains the urgency and physiological responses observed during panic attacks, making it a crucial neurotransmitter to consider in the context of this disorder.