In PTSD, what type of response characterizes hyperarousal?

In PTSD, hyperarousal is characterized primarily by increased anxiety and irritability. This state represents an exaggerated startle response and heightened reactivity to stimuli that remind individuals of the trauma. Patients may experience difficulty sleeping, trouble concentrating, and persistent feelings of tension, contributing to an overall sense of being on edge.

This heightened state of arousal can manifest as irritability or anger outbursts, further complicating interpersonal relationships and daily functioning. It is an essential symptom that distinguishes the hyperarousal aspect of PTSD from other symptoms such as emotional detachment or withdrawal, which are not indicative of hyperarousal but rather relate to avoidance or numbing symptoms.